Europe is the second smallest continent on earth, but with Russia and the dwarf state of Vatican City, it contains the largest and smallest countries in the world. With the Perucica in Bosnia, there is even a rainforest on the European continent, but this may only be entered with a park ranger. As the western part of the Eurasian landmass, Europe is separated from Asia by the Ural Mountains. The highest mountain on the continent is Mont Blanc, which translates as "White Mountain". It is over 4800 meters high, belongs to the Alps, the highest high mountain range in Central and Southern Europe, and is located in the border area between France and Italy.
List of countries in Europe
On this page we present you all countries in Europe. Click on a country in the map to go directly to the travel guide.
01
Russia stretches across Eastern Europe and Northern Asia and is the largest country on earth in terms of area, covering one-eighth of the earth's habitable surface. It borders fourteen states and has a population of over 147 million people. The capital is Moscow, Saint Petersburg is the cultural center of the ...
02
Turkey stretches across both southeastern Europe (Eastern Thrace) and the Near East (Anatolia) and has a coastline of more than 7000 kilometers. The two parts of the country are separated by the Bosporus-Marmara Sea-Dardanelles waterway. The successor state of the former Ottoman Empire borders the Mediterranean Sea in the south and ...
03
The Federal Republic of Germany is located in Central Europe and borders both the Alps and the North and Baltic Seas. The landscape is characterized by extensive forests, numerous hills and mountains, but also by lakes, rivers and beaches. The state capital has been Berlin since reunification. The once divided ...
04
France is a democratic state in Western Europe with a varied landscape. The 4810 meter high Mont Blanc and the Pyrenees mountain range can be found here, as well as the sea coasts to the North Sea, the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. Scientists estimate that France was first settled ...
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is an island nation in Western Europe, composed of England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. The country has a rich history, shaped from the 17th to the 20th century by the largest colonial empire in history, the British Empire. It was ...
06
The southern European republic of Italy is known not only for its eventful history, but also for its Mediterranean cuisine (pizza and pasta, for example), its diverse landscapes from South Tyrol to Sicily, and its distinctive lifestyle ("dolce vita"). It has the most UNESCO World Heritage Sites. In Rome, the ...
07
The parliamentary hereditary monarchy of Spain occupies the largest part of the Iberian Peninsula and, in addition to the mainland, includes the islands of the Balearic and Canary Islands. The country is traditionally one of the most popular vacation destinations in Europe, thanks in part to its magnificent sandy beaches. ...
08
Ukraine is a state in Eastern Europe bordered by Russia, Belarus, Poland, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania and Moldova. Ukraine has a turbulent history and was part of the medieval Kievan Empire, the Golden Horde, Poland-Lithuania, the Russian Tsarist Empire and the Habsburg Monarchy. The country's main attractions include the Kiev Cave ...
09
The Central European Republic of Poland is located on the Baltic Sea and borders a total of seven countries, including Germany, Slovakia and Ukraine. With more than 9000 water bodies, whose area is over one hectare, Poland is one of the countries with the most lakes in the world. The capital ...
10
Romania is a country in southeastern Europe, stretching from the Carpathian Mountains to the Pannonian Plain and bordering Bulgaria, Serbia, Hungary, Ukraine, and Moldova. The country's history dates back to the unification of the principalities of Moldova and Wallachia in 1859. Romania was part of the Warsaw Pact before moving politically ...
The Netherlands (also called Holland) is located in northwestern Europe and borders the North Sea, Belgium and Germany. The history of the country is characterized by the emergence of the Netherlands as an independent state in the 16th century to the colonial period and the importance as a trading nation. ...
12
The Kingdom of Belgium is located in Western Europe and borders the North Sea coast. It is divided into the regions of Wallonia and Flanders and the so-called German-speaking community, which is located in the province of Liège. The official languages are Dutch, French and German. Brussels, the capital ...
13
Greece vacation
Guide 2023
The Mediterranean country of Greece is geographically part of southeastern Europe and includes the Greek mainland, the Peloponnese peninsula and countless smaller and larger islands. Many of them are popular destinations for beach vacations. The mountainous part of the country is almost 80 percent. Ancient Greece once shaped the development of ...
The parliamentary republic of the Czech Republic is located in Central Europe and is a major ice hockey nation. With the Bohemian Forest and the Krkonoše Mountains, it also offers ideal conditions for winter sports. In many places you can admire beautiful classicist parks, medieval gothic buildings and the ...
15
The parliamentary monarchy of Sweden comprises more than 220,000 islands and is located in Northern Europe. The largest and best known islands are Gotland and Öland, both located in the Baltic Sea. Sweden is rich in lakes, rivers and waterfalls. In many places, extensive coniferous forests dominate the landscape. No other ...
16
Portugal is located on the Iberian Peninsula and includes the mainland as well as the islands of the Azores and Madeira. Spain's direct neighbor is famous for its wild and romantic beaches in the Algarve, legendary soccer stars such as Eusébio and currently Christiano Ronaldo, as well as its ...
Mare Caspium was the name given to the Caspian Sea in ancient times. This is the largest inland lake in the world, but anyone who wants to know how big it really is almost always produces only a shrug of the shoulders, even in Azerbaijan. Evaporation, climatic changes and a ...
18
Hungary is a landlocked parliamentary republic located in Central Europe. It is geographically divided by the Danube River into western Transdanubia and the Great Hungarian Plain, where the typical puszta with its pastoral economy, characteristic draw wells and hermit farms can be found. In hilly western Hungary lies Lake Balaton, ...
19
Belarus, also known as Belorussia, is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe, bordering Russia, Ukraine, Poland, Lithuania and Latvia. Political and economic center is the capital Minsk. Among the most important sights of Belarus are Mir Castle, the National Museum of History and Culture of Belarus, and the Białowież...
20
A characteristic feature of the Republic of Austria in Central Europe is its majestic mountain landscape. The Eastern Alps alone cover more than 60 percent of the country's surface. The highest peak is the Grossglockner at 3798 meters. Winter sports therefore play a major role in Austria, although the many lakes such ...
Switzerland - or officially the Swiss Confederation - is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Almost half of the country's area belongs to the Alps. The Dufourspitze in the Monte Rosa massif is the country's highest peak at 4634 meters. The capital, Bern, is one of the top ten cities with ...
22
Serbia is a southeastern European country located in the center of the Balkan Peninsula. The country's history is marked by its role as the largest constituent state of Yugoslavia and the final disintegration of Yugoslavia in 2006. Typical of the country are its culinary specialties, including grilled dishes and cheese, as ...
23
Bulgaria is a country in southeastern Europe with a population of about 6.5 million. It borders Romania to the north, Serbia and northern Macedonia to the west, Greece and Turkey to the south, and the Black Sea to the east. Bulgaria's history dates back to the 6th century BC and has ...
24
Denmark is a country by the sea - located between the Baltic Sea and the North Sea, the smallest country in Scandinavia includes more than 7,400 km of coastline and over 1,000 islands. On the largest island of Zealand lies the capital Copenhagen, the political and cultural center of the country. It ...
25
The Republic of Finland in Northern Europe is one of the most sparsely populated countries on our continent. More than 80 percent of the country is forested. One third of the total area extends north of the Arctic Circle. This includes Lapland: according to popular belief, this is where Santa Claus ...
26
Slovakia is a landlocked country in Central Europe, bordering Austria, the Czech Republic, Poland, Ukraine and Hungary. The country was settled by the Slavs in the 5th and 6th centuries and was later part of the Kingdom of Hungary and Czechoslovakia. After the peaceful partition of Czechoslovakia, the independent Slovak ...
27
The Kingdom of Norway belongs to the Scandinavian Peninsula and its landscape is mainly characterized by fjells (plateaus) and mountain massifs. More than 25 mountains are higher than 2300 meters. The many fjords, glaciers and inland lakes originate mainly from the ice age.
The country has about 25,000 kilometers of Atlantic coastline and ...
28
The western European island nation of Ireland is characterized by vast green plains, often enclosed by rolling hills. It lies immediately adjacent to Northern Ireland and is crossed by the island's longest river, the Shannon. Ireland borders both the Irish Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. Culinary delights of the country ...
29
Croatia is located in southeastern Europe and borders Slovenia, Hungary, Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro and the Adriatic Sea. The history of Croatia dates back to the 7th century, when the Croats settled the area. After various political changes over the centuries, Croatia gained its independence in 1991 and has been ...
Numerous political observers of events in the Balkans agree that the country of Bosnia and Herzegovina is very difficult to govern. The ethnic differences are too great, and the memories of the war following the disintegration of Yugoslavia in the 1990s are too fresh. At that time, Serbian, Bosniak and ...
31
A largely untouched nature and a mild climate are the greatest treasures of the Balkan state of Albania. For a long period of time, the country allowed itself communist isolation under the rule of the former partisan Enver Hoxha. In the nineties of the last century, the country oriented itself ...
32
The world knows this country by the name "Armenia," but the people of the former Transcaucasian Soviet Republic speak of "Hayastan. Armenia shares a 25-kilometer border with Iran and is a neighbor of Turkey and Georgia. Although the country is located in a subtropical zone, it has a mostly dry ...
The former Grand Duchy of Lithuania is now a parliamentary republic in the Baltic States and borders the Baltic Sea, where you can also find some beautiful sandy beaches. Culturally, the country presents itself as diverse: while there are many German, Swedish and Danish influences in the west, the eastern ...
34
The Republic of Moldova is a landlocked country in Southeastern Europe, bordering Romania to the west and Ukraine to the north, east and south. The country has a troubled history, ranging from the founding of the Principality of Moldova to the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Moldova has been independent ...
Northern Macedonia is a landlocked country on the Balkan Peninsula in southeastern Europe, bordering Serbia, Kosovo, Albania, Greece and Bulgaria. The territory of present-day Northern Macedonia was part of the Roman Empire in ancient times and later of the Byzantine Empire. In the Middle Ages, it belonged to the Bulgarian ...
36
Slovenia is located in Central Europe and borders Italy, Austria, Hungary and Croatia. It was formed after the disintegration of Yugoslavia and declared its independence in 1991. Typical for Slovenia are the alpine landscape and the wines, especially Rebula and Teran. Among the most important sights are the capital Ljubljana, the ...
37
Latvia is a Baltic state in Northern Europe. It borders Estonia, Russia, Belarus and Lithuania and has a coast on the Baltic Sea. The territory of Latvia was inhabited by Baltic tribes in ancient times, later it was conquered by the knights of the Teutonic Order and by Sweden. In ...
38
Kosovo is a landlocked country in southeastern Europe bordered by Albania, Montenegro, Serbia and northern Macedonia. Kosovo's history is marked by political conflict. After the breakup of Yugoslavia, Kosovo became the target of NATO military intervention in 1999 and declared independence from Serbia in 2008. However, the declaration of independence is not ...
39
Estonia is a parliamentary republic in the Baltic States on the Baltic Sea coast. More than 50 percent of the country's land area consists of forests, which are home to moose, brown bears and wolves. The country, which was once part of the Soviet Union, is culturally strongly oriented toward its ...
40
The Republic of Cyprus is an island republic in the eastern Mediterranean Sea. The island has been influenced by various cultures and states, including Greece, the Ottoman Empire and Great Britain. The Republic of Cyprus gained its independence from Britain in 1960, but was occupied by Turkey in 1974. Since then, the ...
Luxembourg is a landlocked country in Western Europe, bordering Belgium, France and Germany. It is one of the smallest and richest countries in Europe. Among the most famous sights are the Old Town of Luxembourg, Vianden Castle and the wine-growing region on the Moselle River. Luxembourg is also home to ...
Montenegro is a country in southeastern Europe on the Adriatic Sea. It has a long history and was part of the Roman Empire, the Byzantine Empire, the Ottoman Empire and the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. After the disintegration of Yugoslavia, Montenegro declared its independence in 2006. The country is known for its ...
43
Malta is an island republic in the Mediterranean Sea, located south of Sicily and northeast of Tunisia. The history of the country is marked by various rulers, including Romans, Arabs, Normans, Knights of St. John and British. Typical of the country are the unique megalithic temples, considered the oldest freestanding ...
44
Iceland is an island nation in the North Atlantic and geographically belongs to Europe. The settlement of the country by the Norse Vikings began in the 9th century. Iceland belonged to Denmark for a long time before gaining independence in 1944. Characteristic for the country are its breathtaking nature with glaciers, ...
45
Jersey is an autonomous island in the English Channel. It is British crown property, but is not part of the United Kingdom. Jersey has long beaches and is known for its sunny climate. The capital is St. Helier. The history of Jersey dates back to the 11th century, when the ...
The Isle of Man is an autonomous island in the Irish Sea between Great Britain and Ireland. It belongs to the British Crown, but is not part of the United Kingdom. The island has a long history that dates back to the Stone Age. Throughout history, the island has been ...
47
The small principality of Andorra on the eastern periphery of the Pyrenees ducks between 65 peaks and borders Spain and France. The mountainous country has an alpine character, but is also blessed with green meadows and romantic valleys. One mountain towers above all the rest - the Pic des Coma Pedrosa ...
48
Guernsey is an autonomous island in the English Channel. It is British Crown property, but not part of the United Kingdom. Guernsey is the second largest of the Channel Islands and consists of ten parishes on Guernsey itself, three other inhabited islands (Herm, Jethou, and Lihou), and numerous small islands ...
Faroe Islands is an autonomous archipelago in the North Atlantic, which belongs to Denmark. The 18 islands and various skerries are of volcanic origin and the individual charm of the small villages enchants every visitor. Flocks of gulls, puffins, sandpipers and terns can be seen on the Faroe Islands. All this ...
50
Monaco is a city-state on the Côte d'Azur and borders France to the north, east and west. With an area of 2.1 km², it is the second smallest sovereign country in the world and has about 38,000 inhabitants. Monaco's economy is heavily influenced by finance, tourism and gambling and is known ...
Liechtenstein is a small landlocked country in the Alps, bordering Switzerland to the west and Austria to the east. The country was a territory of the Holy Roman Empire until 1806 and later became a member of the German Confederation. Since 1923, it has been closely linked to Switzerland through a customs ...
Gibraltar is a British overseas territory and a city on the southern tip of the Iberian Peninsula. In 1704, Anglo-Dutch forces captured Gibraltar from Spain as part of the War of the Spanish Succession. In 1713, Spain finally ceded the territory to Great Britain. Gibraltar's sovereignty is disputed, with Spain laying claim ...
San Marino is a landlocked southern European country completely surrounded by Italy. With an area of about 60 km² and a population of only about 30,000 inhabitants, San Marino is one of the smallest states in the world. San Marino is often referred to as the oldest existing republic in the world, ...
54
Åland is a region of Finland, but enjoys extensive political autonomy. The territory of Åland is a group of islands in the Baltic Sea at the entrance to the Gulf of Bothnia. Since 1921 and a vote of the League of Nations, the total of 6,700 islands and archipelagos have been demilitarized. ...
The Vatican, officially Vatican City, is the smallest state in the world and is located as an enclave within the Italian capital, Rome. The history of the Vatican dates back to the 4th century AD and is closely associated with the Catholic Church and the papacy. Sights include St. Peter's ...
Svalbard and Jan Mayen are two remote administrative units of Norway, grouped together for statistical purposes under the ISO code SJ. Svalbard is an archipelago in the Arctic Ocean under the sovereignty of Norway but enjoying special status under the Svalbard Treaty. Jan Mayen is a remote island in the ...